In the minds
of many people, the word "anarchy"
or "anarchism" became a
byword for chaos or terrorism.
Anarchism took root in Spain in the 19th century and Spain is the only country, where they have ever tried to build an anarchist non-governmental society based on workers control, mutual aid and co-operation, and workers self-management. It was particularly strong in Andalusia and in Catalonia.
In Catalonia, much of industry and agriculture was collectivized and run by the workers themselves, during the period of the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). In Barcelona, the anarchists took over the telephone exchange and turned the Ritz Hotel, into a worker's canteen. The Spanish anarchist Durruti, said that they were building libertarian communism in Spain, but it was organized on the principles of anarcho-syndicalism.
The Spanish communists had no time for workers control or Spanish anarchist collectives. The Spanish communist leader, Enrique Lister, is known to have attacked anarchist collective enterprises. The Spanish socialist used to say "vote communist and spare Spain from Marxism."
In Spain, the anarchists, socialists, and Russian backed communists, did take a stand against Franco and the fascists, even though the Stalinists in Spain, betrayed the Spanish Revolution and sought to liquidate many individuals who were fighting against Franco. Much later, the Soviet Union was to play a heroic role in fighting Hitler and the Nazis, but that was only after Germany invaded Russia in violation of a pact with the Soviet Union.
In Germany, there never was a communist danger to the fascist conquest of power. Historical determinism, played a key role in the failure of the communist movement to combat Hitler and fascism in Germany. For Marxists, fascism was seen as the last stand of the bourgeoisie, the "death rattle of a capitalist system on the point of extinction." Accordingly, the communists did not fight when the fascists seized power. Nobody expected the Social Democrats to fight and Stalin had denounced the German socialists, as social fascists. The communists were certain that the proletarian revolution was overdue and that the fascist interlude, necessary for its speeding up, could not last longer than a few months. As we know, they certainly got that wrong, and they paid the price for it.
Dante said that there was no place in Heaven nor in Purgatory - not even a corner in Hell, for the souls that had stood aloof from strife. He called them the "wretches who never lived", "because they'd never felt the pangs of partisanship and wandered homeless on the skirts of limbo."
We forget, that what we today call Switzerland, functioned as the Old Swiss Confederacy between (1291-1798). For five centuries, Switzerland functioned as a loose confederation of independent cantons coordinated via a diet called the 'Tagsatzung', with no permanent capital, executive, or any central government.




















